[original file is celf-android-demo-071221.pdf by Jynji Kondo, Fujitsu Software Technologies]
[translated by ikoma]
CELF Technical Jamboree #18
Dec. 21, 2007
Google Android on Working Target
December 20, 2007
Jyunji Kondo
Fujitsu Software Technologies Limited
Agenda
* Motivation
* Misc Anecdotes while Porting
* Demo
2 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Embedded Linux WG and Android
* Background
- Some member Google's announcement triggered [WCMF] member's interest:
- "Is Android helpful to promote application development for SIM STYLE jacket?"
3 Copyright 2007 WCMF, All rights reserved. [WCMF: Wilcom Core Module Forum]
Hypothesis
[See original file for figures]
+-------+ +-------+
| App | No fix | App |
|Package| required |Package|
|(.apk) | for apps |(.apk) |
+-------+ +-------+
| |
+----|expand----------+ +----|expand----------+
| V | | V |
|+--------+ +-------+| |+--------+ +-------+|
|| Dalvik | | Class || || Dalvik | | Class ||
||Bytecode| |Library|| ||Bytecode| |Library||
|| (.dex) | +-------+| || (.dex) | +-------+|
|+--------+ | | |+--------+ | |
| | |convert | | |convert
| conv| | | | conv| | |
| V V | | V V |
|+-------+ +-------+| VM can |+-------+ +-------+|
|| CPU |<->| CPU || also be || CPU |<->| CPU ||
||native | L |native || reused ||native | L |native ||
|| code | I | code || as CPU || code | I | code ||
||(ARMv5)| N |(ARMv5)|| arch is ||(ARMv5)| N |(ARMv5)||
|+-------+ K +-------+| identical |+-------+ K +-------+|
| | | |
|Dalvik VM (for AMRv5)| |Dalvik VM (for AMRv5)|
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
| Linux Kernel |==========>| Linux Kernel |
| (for ARMv5 + BSP) |only kernel| (for i.MX31 PHS) |
+---------------------+ should be +---------------------+
ported for each
hardware4 Copyright 2007 WCMF, All rights reserved.
For Openers, from dmesg
[See original file for screenshot]
C:¥android_sdk_windows_m3-rc20a¥tools>emulator -console -debug-kernel Uncompressing Linux................................................................................. done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.6.23-gcc3bc3b4 (arve@arvelnx.corp.google.com) (gcc version 4.2.1) #3 Tue Oct 30 16:28:18 PDT 2007 CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=00003137 Machine: Goldfish Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback CPU0: D VIVT write-through cache CPU0: I cache: 4096 bytes, associativity 4, 32 byte lines, 32 sets CPU0: D cache: 65536 bytes, associativity 4, 32 byte lines, 512 sets Built 1 zonelists in Zone order. Total pages: 24384 Kernel command line: qemu=1 console=ttyS0 androidboot.console=ttyS0 android.checkjni=1 android.ril=ttyS1 Unknown boot option `androidboot.console=ttyS0': ignoring Unknown boot option `android.checkjni=1': ignoring Unknown boot option `android.ril=ttyS1': ignoring PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 2048 bytes) Console: colour dummy device 80x30 Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) Memory: 96MB = 96MB total :
5 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Notable lines from dmesg (1)
[See original file for screenshots]
CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=00003137 Machine: Goldfish
Memory: 96MB = 96MB total Memory: 94212KB available (2268K code, 458K data, 96K init)
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_interrupt_controller at ff000000 irq -1 : goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish-switch :
yaffs Oct 30 2007 16:24:34 Installing.
logger: created 64K log 'log_main' logger: created 64K log 'log_events' logger: created 64K log 'log_radio'
6 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Notable lines from dmesg (2)
[See original file for screenshot]
init: HOW ARE YOU GENTLEMEN init: reading config file init: device init init: mtd partition -1, init: mtd partition 0, "system" yaffs: dev is 32505856 name is "mtdblock0" yaffs: passed flags "" yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.0, "mtdblock0" init: mtd partition 1, "userdata" yaffs: dev is 32505857 name is "mtdblock1" yaffs: passed flags "" yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.1, "mtdblock1" eth0: link up # binder_open(c0843300 c59ca9e0) (pid 456) got c5ca5000 binder_open(c0843300 c59ca5e0) (pid 467) got c469d000 binder_open(c0843300 c46df9a0) (pid 464) got c46f4000 android_power: auto off timeout set to 604800 seconds binder_open(c0843300 c41b7ac0) (pid 505) got c411b000 binder_open(c0843300 c41b79c0) (pid 504) got c396d000 binder_open(c0843300 c41b7dc0) (pid 521) got c39e3000
7 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Check Kernel Source Code (1)
* linux-2.6.23-android-m3-rc20.tar.gz in http://code.google.com/p/android/downloads/list
* git repository( http://groups.google.com/group/linux-msm-kernel/ )
* Kernel configuration
C:¥android_sdk_windows_m3-rc22a¥tools>adb pull /proc/config.gz config.gz
* Lesson from our experience:
- Enable EABI support and thumb instruction support
8 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Check Kernel Source Code (2)
* These files seem to have to be added:
- drivers/android/
- drivers/binder/
- include/linux/android*
- include/linux/binder*
* Reference
5b79477dd1352450/b230a044e0627de9#b230a044e0627de9
9 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Preparing rootfs
* Login to emulator
C:¥android_sdk_windows_m3-rc22a¥tools>adb push busybox /tmp/busybox C:¥android_sdk_windows_m3-rc22a¥tools>adb shell
* Extract major files from SDK using busybox
C:¥android_sdk_windows_m3-rc22a¥tools>adb pull /tmp/rootfs.tar
* Reference
- Busybox for android
10 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
OK, Let's Begin!
* No trouble for kernel initialization, then /init
* Does not work...
* Modify /init/init.rc to prevent automatic invocation of zygote and runtime
- Set autostart to zero
* Runtime halted incompletely
# /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin ‒zygote & # /system/bin/runtime "fatal error opening "/sys/android_power/acquire_partial_wake_lock""
* This is because drivers under drivers/android/ are missing
* As a result, by making files below visible, the red ball started to move
- /sys/android_power/acquire_partial_wake_lock
- /sys/android_power/acquire_full_wake_lock
- /sys/android_power/last_user_activity
- /sys/android_power/request_sleep
11 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Then, Binder
* Still does not work...
* Analyze using strace
# /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin ‒zygote &
# /strace ‒f ‒ff ‒tt ‒s 200 /system/bin/runtime
:
00:52:52.583667 open("/dev/binder", O_RDWR¦O_LARGEFILE) = 4
00:52:52.615474 fcntl64(4, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0
00:52:52.615801 ioctl(4, 0xc0046209, 0xbe9bacbc) = -1 ENOTTY (Inappropriate ioctl
00:52:52.616147 close(4) = 0
00:52:52.616427 close(-1) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor)
00:52:52.616676 ioctl(-1, 0x40046205, 0xbe9bacb8) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor* Lesson from our experience
- Use correct major number for /dev/binder (check with /proc/devices)
* Finally the familiar screen with emulator appears
12 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
How to Build Application in C Language
* Built strace by ourselves
* Used CodeSourcery's ARM GNU/Linux version of toolchain
* Did not use DLL(/system/lib/) in Android; Used as static link
* Refernece
- Native C applications for Android
13 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Rendering Mechanism
* Screen flickers with icon operation and screen transition
* So studied mechanism of rendering
* Rendering by mmap'ing frame buffer (/dev/graphics/fb0)
* Frame buffer is as large as for two screens (double buffering)
* Screen change with ioctl(EBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO)
* Lesson from our experience
- Prepare frame buffer for two screens
- With frame buffer for just one screen nothing would be rendered
14 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Touch Screen
[See original file for image]
* Screen of SDK can be cliked and dragged to operate
-> Android should support mouse
* Investigated with embeddeding debugging code into qemu
* Android seems to be monitoring all device files under /dev/input/
* Modified information detected by touch screen to notify with /dev/input/event1
Change of resolution (920x920 -> 240x320)
- Transformation of coordinate system
* Lesson from our experience
- Compile qemu with gcc3.3
15 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Phone Functions (1)
[See original file for figure]
* rild (Radio Interface Layer daemon?) controls
/system/bin/rild -l /system/lib/libreference-ril.so -- -d /dev/smd0
* It seems that specific DLL is loaded for each communication method
* Libreference-ril.so is for GSM
* In SDK, a module called android modem is implemented on qemu side
+---------------------------+
| Android |
| +-------------------+ |
| |rlid | |
| | +-------------------+ |
| +-|libreference-ril.so| |
| +-------------------+ |
+-----------------------^---+
|
V
+---------+
+---------------------|/dev/smd0|-------------------+
| kernel +---------+ |
+---------------------------^-----------------------+
|
+---------------------------V-----------------------+
| Android +-------------+ |
| |Android modem| |
| +-------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------+16 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Phone Functions (2)
[See original file for figure]
* To support WSIM...
+---------------------------+
| Android |
| +-------------------+ | +-------+ +-------+
| |rlid | | |wsimd | |Android|
| | +-------------------+ | +--------+ | | | Modem |
| +-|libreference-ril.so|<---->|Virtual |<-->| |<->| |
| +-------------------+ | |Terminal| | | | |
+---------------------------+ +--------+ +->| | | |
| +-------+ +-------+
| ^
+----------+ |
| |
V V
+----------+ +-----------+
+---------------------|/dev/ttyS0|------------|Proprietary|-------+
| kernel +----------+ | Driver | |
| ^ +-----------+ |
+---------------------------|-------------------------------------+
|
V
+-------+
| W-SIM |
+-------+17 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Phone Functions (3)
[See original file for figure]
* But ideally we want to do like this:
+---------------------------+
| Android |
| +-------------------+ |
| |rlid | | For that purpose, we hope to know
| | +-------------------+ | the interface to libreference-ril.so
| +-|libreference-ril.so| <----------+
| +-------------------+ | |
+-------------^-------------+ |
| |
V V
+-----------+ +----------+
+-------|Proprietary|--------------|/dev/ttyS0|-------------------+
| kernel| Driver | +----------+ |
| +-----------+ ^ |
+----------------------------------------|------------------------+
V
+-------+
| W-SIM |
+-------+18 Copyright 2007 FUJITSU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
i.MX31 PHS Reference Design
[See original file for photo]
* By Freescale Semiconductor
* i.MX31 evaluation board
- i.MX31 processor on board (ARM11, max 532MHz)
RAM: 128MB, FlashROM: 64MB
- W-SIM slot on board
- [W-SIM: PHS communication module by Wilcom]
- Support misc OS (Linux, WinCE, ...)
19 Copyright 2007 WCMF, All rights reserved.
Sandgate III-P
[See original file for photo]
* By Sophia Systems
* Marvell PXA310 evaluation board
- PXA310 (Max 624MHz)
RAM: 128MB, FlashROM: 256MB
- W-SIM slot on board
- Supports misc OS(Linux, WinCE, ...)
20
Demonstration
* User Interface
* Internet Connection
- Browser
- Maps
* Voice Communication
- Outgoing call
- Incoming call
* Start Up
* W-SIM Control
21
22
Fujitsu
THE POSSIBILITIES ARE INFINITE